栽培中赤霉酸处理对葡萄品质和耐藏力的影响

通过对比试验研究了栽培中不同赤霉酸(GA3)处理次数对葡萄品质和耐藏力的影响。结果表明:随着赤霉酸处理次数的增多,葡萄的果梗直径、果形指数、单果粒质量、脱粒率、脱粒指数、空腔率、空腔直径、褐变率和腐烂率升高,果刷长度、可溶性固形物含量和VC含量降低,且外观色泽变淡。综合考虑栽培中赤霉酸处理对葡萄品质和耐藏力的影响,建议用10 mg/kg赤霉酸花前10 d处理1次或花前10 d和花后10 d各处理1次来提高葡萄的单果粒质量,保持果实较低的褐变率和腐烂率。     

蚯蚓发酵液对果蔬品质的影响

为探索蚯蚓发酵液对果蔬品质的影响,以番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、枸杞、葡萄、西瓜和甜瓜为材料,设置不施肥（CK1）、单施化肥（CK2）、施用蚯蚓发酵液（T）3种施肥处理,测定了维生素C（V_c）、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、有机酸等果蔬营养品质指标和硝酸盐含量。结果表明：施用蚯蚓发酵液可显著增加7种果蔬的V_c、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量,显著降低有机酸和硝酸盐含量,即蚯蚓发酵液有利于营养品质的形成,并能改善果蔬的适口性。     

Different K:Ca ratios affected fruit color and quality of strawberry ‘Selva’ in soilless system

High quality fruit production is the cornerstone of marketability. Optimum plant performance depends on the balanced and timely availability of mineral nutrients. In addition to element concentrations, the ratio of nutrient elements in solution plays a determinative role in growth, productivity, quality, and nutrients uptake. In this experiment, the effects of different Potassium:Calcium (K:Ca) ratios (1.6, 1.4, 1.2, 1, 0.85, and 0.6) in nutrient solution were studied on quality attributes of strawberry ‘Selva’. The highest and lowest leaf number and leaf area were observed in K:Ca 1.4 and 1, respectively. The highest fruit pH, electrical conductivity, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, vitamin C content, ellagic acid, and color were resulted in K:Ca (1.4) ratio. K:Ca (1.6) ratio produced the highest content of protein. Moreover, K:Ca (0.85) ratio was the most effective treatment on fruit firmness. The increased quality attributes were observed in high K:Ca ratios, hence low K:Ca ratio resulted in increased fruit firmness. In conclusion, nutrient solution containing K:Ca ratios between 1 and 1.6 were suitable for producing strawberry ‘Selva’. Taken together, K:Ca (1.4) was an appropriate ratio for producing strawberry ‘Selva’ in soilless culture with coconut fiber: perlite medium.     

Effect of humic acid on growth and crop nutrient status of wheat on two different soils

The effect of plant-derived humic acid (PDHA) and coal-derived humic acid (CDHA) on wheat growth was tested on two alkaline calcareous soils in pots. Humic acid derived from plant and coal materials was applied at the rate 0 (control), 50 and 100 kg/ha to wheat in pots carrying two soils viz. clayey loam soil and sandy loam soil separately. Data was collected on plant growth parameters such as spike weight, grain and straw weight, and plant nutrients (macronutrients and micronutrients). Results showed that spike weight increased by 19%, 15%, and 26%, and 11% with application of PDHA at the rate of 50 and 100 mg/kg in clayey loam and sandy loam soil, respectively. Grain yield show an increase of 21% and 11% over control with application of PDHA and CDHA at the rate of 50 mg/kg on both soils, respectively, and 10% and 22% with application of PDHA and CDHA at the rate of 100 mg/kg on both soils.     

NPK could alleviate the adverse effects of simulated acid rain in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

A study was conducted to determine the effect of macronutrients (NPK) in alleviating the adverse effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In addition to control (T₀), three different treatments, i.e., SAR (HNO₃) of pH 3 (T₁), NPK (T₂), and SAR + NPK (T₃), were applied on two sunflower cultivars, i.e., FH-37 and FH-385. The experiment was set up in CRD (completely randomized design) with four replicates of each treatment. Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, ion contents (NPK), and gas exchange characters were determined. Acid rain remarkably reduced the chlorophyll pigments, NPK ionic content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, while an increase in internal CO₂ concentration and water use efficiency was noted in both the cultivars. The mixture of NPK with SAR exhibited positive impact to lessen the toxicity caused by acid. Among cultivars, FH-385 showed better performance as compared to FH-37.     

长期施肥对水稻根系有机酸分泌和土壤有机碳组分的影响

本研究以江西省红壤研究所水稻土长期定位试验田(始于1981年)为对象,分析了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、有机无机配施(NPKM)3种施肥措施对水稻根系有机酸分泌速率及土壤有机碳组分的影响。结果表明:NPK和NPKM处理水稻根系分泌有机酸总量均显著高于CK处理(P0.05,下同),其中NPKM处理最高,提高了54.78%;相对于CK处理,NPK处理水稻根系酒石酸分泌速率显著增加,提高了82.63%,NPKM处理的草酸与苹果酸分泌速率显著增加,分别增加了69.93%、110.98%,而NPK和NPKM处理的柠檬酸分泌速率分别降低了36.57%与40.57%。与CK处理相比,NPKM处理土壤有机碳、颗粒有机碳、微生物生物量碳与可溶性有机碳均显著增加,而NPK处理却无显著变化;可溶性有机碳结构的进一步分析表明,NPKM处理促进了可溶性有机碳中类胡敏酸和类富里酸物质的累积,在可溶性有机碳中所占比例分别为31%、44%,NPK处理可溶性有机碳结构无明显变化;CK和NPK处理中可溶性有机碳的有机物来源主要是植物与微生物的混合源,而NPKM处理主要是微生物代谢所分泌的产物。     

HPLC法测定谷子籽粒叶酸含量及种质资源评价

谷子籽粒中富含叶酸,作为一种功能性食品深受北方人民的喜爱,而作物籽粒,如小米叶酸测定方法及含量分析存在较大差异,为小米品质鉴定及高叶酸谷子种质筛选造成了一定困难。本研究通过"三酶法"提取小米中的叶酸,建立了一种基于高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)高效化、规模化且稳定适用于测定谷子籽粒叶酸含量的方法,对2016年和2017年种植的45个谷子种质进行叶酸含量测定和分类评价。结果表明:叶酸标准品梯度曲线呈线性方程相关,相关系数为0.99;小米样品叶酸测定过程中精密度、稳定性和重复性的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.81%、1.19%和1.65%,各项指标符合精密测定标准,准确度高,重复性好;45个谷子种质籽粒叶酸含量分布范围为0.26～2.56μg/g(2016年度)和0.53～2.86μg/g(2017年度),含量均值分别为1.19和1.84μg/g,标准差0.47和0.51μg/g,变异系数39.5%和27.7%;对上述种质进行正态分布曲线分析,发现叶酸含量整体呈现偏度分布;从中筛选出9个高叶酸(含量≥1.91μg/g)和3个低叶酸(含量≤1.15μg/g)的谷子种质。上述结论为小米叶酸含量提供了测定标准和评价体系,也为高叶酸谷子种质创新与利用奠定了基础。     

Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) growth promoting rhizobacteria and their effect on nodulation in coinoculation with rhizobia

Lentil is cultivated in Chilean Mediterranean drylands, in areas with soils that are nutrient depleted and eroded. Inoculation of lentil with rhizobia in co-inoculation with growth promoting rhizobacteria would allow higher biomass and an opportunity for early nodulation and increased nitrogen fixation. The objective of this research was to select rhizosferic bacteria (PGPR) from lentils and to evaluate their effect on lentil nodulation in co-inoculation with rhizobia. Sixty three lentil rhizobacteria isolates where obtained from nine soils in the mediterranean area. These were fingerprinted through BOX-PCR reducing the number to 57 distinct strains. The strains were evaluated for ACCdeaminase activity, IAA production and compatibility with rhizobia. Seventeen strains showed ACC-deaminase activity, all of them synthesized IAA and 38 were compatible with the rhizobia. Ten selected strains were identified as Pseudomonas spp. through 16S rRNA sequencing. The strains were inoculated in lentil seedlings growing on seed germination pouches, to evaluate nodule formation. The strain LY50a increased early nodulation in 85% in comparison to the control inoculated with rhizobia (AG-84) only. In conclusion, bacteria from the rhizosphere from Mediterranean soils of Chile can be used as nodulation promoters in lentils.     

Soil microbial communities changed with a continuously monocropped processing tomato system

To reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying the productivity of long-term continuous cropping of processing tomato, a multi-year study was carried out to understand the effects of long-term continuous cropping on the community structures of the root zone microbes. Soil samples collected from continuous cropping of processing tomato after 3, 5 and 7 years were used for this study. Results showed that soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), N (SMBN) and microbial quotient (qMB) significantly decreased with longer cropping. After seven years of continuous cropping, the SMBC and SMBN contents, and qMB respectively significantly decreased by 52.3%, 78.8% and 48.2% (p?相似文献   

Correlating phosphorus extracted by simple soil extraction methods with foliar phosphorus concentrations of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Fagus sylvatica (L.)

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in needles and leaves of forest trees are declining in the last years in Europe. For a sustainable forest management the knowledge of site specific P nutrition/availability in forest soils is vital, but we are lacking verified simple methods for the estimation of plant available P. Within this study, four soil P extraction methods [water ( ), double‐lactate (P_lac), citric acid (P_cit), and sodium bicarbonate ( )], as well as total P content of the soil (P_tot) were tested to investigate which method is best correlated with foliar P concentrations of spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.] and beech [Fagus sylvatica (L.)]. Mineral soil samples from 5 depth levels of 48 forest sites of the Bavarian sample set of the second National Forest Soil Inventory (BZE II) were stratified according to tree species (spruce and beech) and soil pH (pH < 6.2 and > 6.2), covering the whole range of P nutrition. The extractable amount of P per mass unit of soil increased in the order << P_lac < < P_cit, decreased with soil depth, and was higher in soils with pH < 6.2. Citric acid extracted up to 10% of P_tot in acidic soils. Whereas P_cit delivers adequate regression models for P nutrition in the case of spruce (R² up to 0.53) and beech (R² up to 0.58) for acidic soils, shows good results for spruce growing on acidic soils (R² up to 0.66) and for beech on soils with pH > 6.2 (R² up to 0.57). P_lac produces adequate models only for beech on high pH soils (R² up to 0.64), while did not produce acceptable regression models. P_tot seems suitable to explain the P nutrition status of beech on acidic (R² up to 0.62) and alkaline soils (R² up to 0.61). Highest R²s are obtained mostly in soil depths down to 40 cm. As and P_cit showed good results for both investigated tree species, they should be considered preferentially in future studies.